Sundarbans Mangrove Forest

 

Sundarbans Mangrove Forest
1. Biodiversity

• The Sundarbans is known for its rich biodiversity, home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including species that are critically endangered. The forest is especially famous for being the habitat of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), one of the last remaining tiger subspecies in the world.

• The forest is also home to other rare and protected species, including the saltwater crocodile, Indian python, hoolock gibbons, and a wide range of birds like the kingfisher and herons.

• Numerous species of fish, amphibians, and invertebrates also thrive in its waterways.

2. Ecological Importance

• The Sundarbans plays a vital role in the ecosystem, acting as a buffer zone against coastal erosion, storm surges, and tidal waves, especially important in the face of rising sea levels due to climate change.

• Its dense mangrove vegetation helps to stabilize the soil, preventing salinization and providing a protective barrier for the coastal population.

3. Waterways and Mangrove Ecosystem

• The Sundarbans consists of a labyrinth of rivers, creeks, and tidal waterways surrounded by dense mangrove forests. These waterways are not only a key part of the region’s ecosystem but also serve as vital transportation routes for locals and tourists.

• The intricate network of channels is best explored by boat, offering travelers a chance to experience the beauty of the region while also spotting wildlife along the banks.

4. Conservation Efforts

• The Sundarbans has been declared a Protected Area by the government of Bangladesh and is closely monitored to safeguard its delicate ecosystem. Several initiatives have been set up to conserve its flora and fauna, including anti-poaching measures and habitat restoration programs.

• The Sundarbans Tiger Project is an ongoing effort to study and protect the Bengal tiger population, which faces threats from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict.

5. Tourism

• While the Sundarbans remains relatively remote, it is a popular destination for eco-tourism. Visitors can embark on guided boat tours, which offer the opportunity to observe wildlife in their natural habitat and explore the unique mangrove landscape.

• Popular entry points for tourists include Khulna and Morrelganj, where tours to the forest are organized. There are also a few government-run eco-resorts within the forest for those seeking a more immersive experience.

6. Cultural Significance

• The Sundarbans is home to many indigenous communities, who live in harmony with the forest and depend on its resources for their livelihoods. These communities have adapted traditional ways of life to the challenging conditions of the mangrove ecosystem.

• The forest has a rich cultural heritage, with myths, folklore, and songs about the tigers and the wilderness passed down through generations.

7. Challenges and Threats

• The Sundarbans faces several challenges, including deforestation, rising sea levels, and illegal logging, all of which threaten the delicate balance of the ecosystem. Additionally, human activities such as overfishing and pollution are posing significant threats to the biodiversity of the area.

• Climate change is also a major concern, as rising sea levels and increased frequency of cyclones could severely impact the mangrove forest's ability to protect the coastline.

Key Attractions in the Sundarbans:

• Tiger spotting: While elusive, the Bengal tiger is one of the biggest draws for wildlife enthusiasts visiting the region.

• Watch towers: The Sundarbans has several watchtowers that offer views of the surrounding forest, where visitors can sometimes spot wildlife.

• The Eco-tourism Zone: This area is developed for tourism with eco-friendly accommodations and activities designed to have minimal environmental impact.

• Local villages: A visit to local villages within the Sundarbans can offer insights into the lifestyle of the indigenous communities who call the forest their home.

The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world, spanning over 10,000 square kilometers in the southwestern part of Bangladesh and extending into India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and holds immense ecological and cultural significance. Here’s a deeper look at why the Sundarbans is such a unique and renowned destination:

Overall, the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest is a must-visit destination for nature lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, and anyone interested in experiencing the natural beauty of Bangladesh in its most pristine form.

Bangladesh Army

The Bangladesh Army (BA, Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, Bangladesh Senabahini) is the land powers branch and the biggest of the three formally dressed administration of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. The essential mission of the Army is to give important strengths and capacities in support of Bangladesh's security and safeguard techniques including barrier of the country's regional respectability against outer assault. Control and operations are controlled by the Department of the Army of the Armed Forces Division.[1] The non military personnel head is the Prime Minister, who by law likewise holds the barrier service portfolio. Notwithstanding its essential mission the Bangladesh Army is additionally naturally committed to help the regular citizen government amid times of national crisis. This part is generally alluded to as "help to common organization".

History

Early history[edit]

The military custom of Bengal has its underlying foundations in the amid Mughal lead since the mid eighteenth century, when three progressive Muslim lines, to be specific the Nasiri, Afshar and Najafi, ruled Bengal.[citation needed] During the Colonial Rule of the British, Bengal was essentially a rampart of British power and exchange the South Asian district. The British under Robert Clive crushed a 50,000 in number Bengal Army of Nawab Siraj-ud-daullah in the Polashey(Plassey) in 1757 and later the powers of Nawab Mir Qasim at the Battle of Buxar in 1764. The Army of Bengal was shaped, which later turned out to be a piece of a unified Indian Army from 1895 to 1947. The eastern part of the locale was a conspicuous place for military and police enlistment, with whole stallion mounted rangers and lancer units being selected there before the Bengal Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.[citation needed] Post-uprising, units with the sobriquet "Bengal" in their name, for example, Bengal Sappers and Bengal Cavalry, were to a great extent enrolled from non-Bengali people groups from Bihar, Varanasi and Uttar Pradesh which were actually still some portion of Bengal Presidency around then.

Amid the Second World War, British Eastern Command made a helper compel who were part specialists and part infantry named as Indian Pioneer Corps. The vast majority of the fighters were enrolled from both West and East Bengal. This constrain helped the principle war exertion by building streets, landing strips, fortresses and, when required, battled the Japanese in an infantry part. These drive was sorted out in organization bunches connected to different regiments of Indian Army in direct bolster part. An Officer by the name of Captain A Ghani was a Company Commander in the Burma front and drove his troops in fight bravely to order regard of his men and bosses. After the war these Pioneer Troops were packed in Jalna, India, holding up to be grounded and return home. Commander Ghani found in the officers from East Bengal put he had a place, the bold battling soul as different regiments of Indian Army like the fighters of Bihar Regiment with whom they worked. He imagined, if the Biharis could pride themselves like the races of Punjab or North West Frontier of India or Beluch or Jat or Gurkhas or Marathas so et cetera as military races why the Bengali ought not be the banner conveyor to pride themselves as a military race? In 1946 Captain Ghani the then Adjutant and Quarter Master of Indian Pioneer Corps Center at Jalna imagined and produced framing an Infantry regiment out of the Pioneer fighters from East Bengal who might return home grounded, to the Center Commander. The Center Commander of the Corps Lieutenant Colonel R. R. Morierty cheered Captain Ghani and urged to choose and arrange his men to shape the core of an Infantry Regiment.

Prior to the making of Pakistan Captain Ghani got the endorsement of the then recently delegated Commander in Chief to Pakistan Army General Messervey to from the East Bengal Regiment made exclusively out of young people from East Bengal, would be East Pakistan. On 17 August 1947 General Messervey while saying goodbye to the Pioneer Corps warriors from Bombay the General supported the perspectives of Captain Ghani and said' you will demonstrate to the world that Bengali fighters are similarly able as different countries of the world.' With these rousing words Captain Ghani moved to Dhaka in September 1947 with two Pioneer Companies and was incidentally situated in Pilkhana now the Headquarters of Border Guards Bangladesh. He was later advised by the organization to locate a reasonable place to suited the fighters. He moved toward the north of the Capital and discovered Kurmitola as the ideal place for a cantonment. Worked nonstop the sleeping shelter were built and wildernesses cleared, parade ground arranged.

On 15 February 1948 the banner of First East Bengal Regiment the pioneer of Bangladesh Army was raised with Captain Ghani on the lead of the considerable number of issues however the primary Commanding Officer was British Lt Col V J E Patterson.[2] After the raising of the main brigade the second contingent was affirmed yet where to locate the appropriate troopers from a general public who were not presented to any sorted out military convention like the West wing of the nation? Here again the assignment was pushed onto Captain Ghani to select the correct faculty for the regiment. Given the civilities and the conditions winning then the errand was massive. Notwithstanding, no errand appeared to test to Captain Ghani who was extremist to make his vision work out and demonstrate the Pakistani chain of importance that he implied each word he said. He vigorously moved from one corner of the nation to the next persuading individuals to join the recently shaped regiment and that they needed to stand equivalent to alternate races of West Pakistan. His eager endeavors proved to be fruitful and on 7 February 1949 the banner of the Second East Bengal was raised with the recently enlisted warriors and from work force from First East Bengal. It was the commitment, activity, drive and the unquenchable will to succeed that Captain Ghani gave the strong establishment to an armed force which developed this establishment. Until the Great Liberation War of 1971 there were 8 legions of the East Bengal Regiment and after the War to extend much more and now prides itself of having another Infantry Regiment chalked out of the East Bengal Regiment as Bangladesh Infantry Regiment.

On 25 March 1971 Pakistan Armed Forces took action against the non military personnel populace of East Pakistan mercilessly murdering a huge number of guiltless regular folks and formally dressed staff. Therefore, in March 1971, Bengali troopers in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) revolted and the Bangladesh Independence War began. There was a Bangladesh Army Sector Commanders Conference amid 11–17 July 1971. The meeting was held three months after the pledge of the recently shaped Bangladesh Government at Meherpur, Kushtia. Amid this gathering the structure and arrangement and in addition settling issues encompassing the association of the different segments, methodology and fortifications of the Bangladeshi strengths was resolved. It was of extensive verifiable significance from a strategic perspective, as it decided the summon structure of the Bangladeshi strengths all through Bangladesh Liberation War that was battled between Bangladesh (East Pakistan until 25 March 1971) and West Pakistan in 1971.

This gathering was managed by the Bangladesh break government in a state of banishment, headed by then Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed and Colonel (Retd.) M. A. G. Osmani. M. A. G. Osmani was reestablished into dynamic obligation and elevated to General as the Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Forces. Primary members of this gathering included: Squadron Leader M. Hamidullah Khan, Major Ziaur Rahman, Major Abdul Jalil, Captain ATM Haider, Lt. Col. Mama Rab and Major Khaled Mosharraf. Therefore of this meeting, Bangladesh was partitioned into eleven sectors.[citation needed] These segments were set under the control of Sector Commanders, who might coordinate the guerilla war against Pakistani occupation powers. For better effectiveness in military operations each of the divisions were additionally partitioned into various sub-segments. As a state of note, the tenth Sector was under direct summon of the Commander-in-Chief and incorporated the Naval Commando Unit as a C-in-C's uncommon drive.

Post 1971: The development of the Bangladesh Army[edit]

Bangladesh Army has extended impressively though sporadically since its arrangement on 21 November 1971. Amid the delicate and developmental years after the finish of the war, staff of the Mukti Bahini were retained into various branches of Bangladesh Army. Sheik Mujib's Awami League government made disappointment among armed force work force when his gathering shaped and worked state financed isolate local army assembles around the country run locally by his gathering men at the charge of his child Sheik Kamal. These strategies and activities established the framework and shaped the bedrock of debate between expert armed force officers and the decision organization.

Upsets, uprisings and assassinations[edit]

Additional data: Military upsets in Bangladesh

The year 1975 was a defining moment year in the historical backdrop of Bangladesh as a country. On 15 August 1975 few displeased individuals from the Bangladesh Armed Forces have been included in two deaths and upsets though without the information or cooperation of the whole Bangladesh Armed Forces. In 1975 a couple sacked, disappointed junior officers and NCOs covertly arranged and killed the whole close group of Sheik Mujibur Rahman at his own home in Dhanmondi, Dhaka, aside from his two little girls who were abroad. Some of those capable officers were at long last acquired to equity January 2010. Some are still on the loose. Another administration drove by Khandkar Mushtaq Ahmed and nearly the whole bureau of Sheik Mujib's legislature was set up. After three months on 3 November 1975, a few senior officers and NCO's driven by Maj. Gen. Khaled Mosharraf and Colonel Shafaat Jamil drove their own particular strengths to unwind another interior trick and expelled Khandakar Mushtaq's legislature from power whom they accepted was an unlawful government in any case. That same day a similar gathering of displeased armed force faculty who killed Sheik Mujib and his family made a move that brought about the death and imprisoning of a few senior Army officers and noted regular people who were included in the countries war of autonomy. Those imprisoned and later killed inside the correctional facility premises were Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, Muhammad Mansur Ali and AHM Qamaruzzaman. Head of Army Staff, Major General Ziaur Rahman was set under house capture. On 7 November 1975, a short however exceptionally composed uprising moved just in Dhaka, framed by individuals from the Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal (National Socialist Party) and individuals from lower-positioning armed force staff drove by Lt. Col. (Retd.) Abu Taher additionally brought about the executing of a few armed force and aviation based armed forces officers and men including Major General Khaled Mosharraf, Major ATM Haider to give some examples. Colonel Shafaat Jamil was captured and persuasively resigned. Real General Ziaur Rahman was discharged and accepted the open door to get request and teach the nation and also in the military under transitory military law. Zia took advancement to Lieutenant General and was designated Chief of Army Staff and Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrator. Afterward, in 1977 under an open choice of a yes no vote he took control as President. On 30 May 1981 President Ziaur Rahman was killed in the Chittagong Circuit House in a military upset. Not as much as after a year, the then Chief of Army Staff Lt. Gen. Hussein Muhammad Ershad in 1982 March 24 took control in a quiet upset at day break, suspended the constitution and forced military law and stayed in power through joke decisions and defilement. He stayed in power until 6 December 1990.

Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict[edit]

Principle article: Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict

The Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict was the political clash and furnished battle between the Government of Bangladesh by the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti (United People's Party of the Chittagong Hill Tracts) and its equipped wing, the Shanti Bahini over the issue of independence and the privileges of the tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The Shanti Bahini propelled a rebellion against government compels in 1977, and the contention proceeded for a quarter century the administration and the PCJSS marked the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997.

At the episode of the uprising, the Government of Bangladesh conveyed the armed force to start counter-revolt operations. The then-President of Bangladesh Major General Ziaur Rahman made a Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board under an armed force general to address the financial needs of the area, yet the element demonstrated disagreeable and turned into a wellspring of threat and question among the neighborhood tribes against the legislature. The administration neglected to address the long-standing issue of the uprooting of tribal individuals, numbering an expected 100,000 brought on by the development of the Kaptai Dam by the then Pakistan government in 1962. Dislodged tribesmen did not get remuneration and more than 40,000 Chakma tribals had fled to India. In the 1980s, the legislature started settling Bangalis in the locale, creating the ousting of numerous tribesen and a critical change of socioeconomics. Having constituted just 11.6% of the territorial populace in 1974, the quantity of Bangalis developed by 1991 to constitute 48.5% of the local populace.

Peace transactions were started after the reclamation of popular government in Bangladesh in 1991, yet little advance was made with the administration of Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia and her Bangladesh Nationalist Party.[3] Fresh adjusts of talks started in 1996 with the recently chose head administrator Sheik Hasina Wajed of the Awami League.[3] The Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord was finished and formally marked on 2 December 1997.[4]

Human rights and corruption

Bangladesh is positioned by Freedom House as "Incompletely Free" in its Freedom in the World report.[192] Press opportunity in Bangladesh is positioned as "Not Free".[193] The Economist Intelligence Unit groups the nation as a half and half administration, which is the third best rank out of four in its Democracy Index.[194] Bangladesh positioned as the third most quiet nation in South Asia in the Global Peace Index in 2015.[195] as of late, the once lively polite society and media in Bangladesh have gone under assault from both the decision Awami League government and far-right Islamic extremists.[196]

As indicated by Mizanur Rahman, the director of the National Human Rights Commission, 70% of the affirmations of human rights infringement they get are illegal authorization agencies.[197] Targets have included Nobel Peace Prize champ Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank, secularist bloggers, autonomous and genius resistance daily papers and TV stations. The United Nations has said that it was profoundly worried by the administration's "measures that confine opportunity of expression and law based space".[196]

Bangladeshi security powers, especially the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), have confronted solid worldwide judgment for human rights manhandle, including upheld vanishings, torment and extrajudicial killings. More than 1,000 individuals have been executed in extrajudicial killings by RAB since its beginning under the last BNP government.[198] The office has been singled out by Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International as a "demise squad".[199][200] They have required the drive to be disbanded.[199][200] The British and American governments have been generally scrutinized for financing and connecting with the constrain in counter-psychological warfare operations.[201]

In the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the administration is yet to completely actualize the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord.[202] The Hill Tracts district remains intensely mobilized notwithstanding the marking of the peace arrangement with indigenous individuals drove by the United People's Party of the Chittagong Hill Tracts.[203]

Secularism in Bangladesh is lawfully cherished in the constitution. Religious gatherings are banned from challenging races, yet the legislature is blamed for pursuing religious fanatic gatherings for votes. Ambiguities over Islam being the state religion have been reprimanded by the United Nations.[204] Despite relative between religious and common amicability, minorities in Bangladesh have confronted abuse on events. The Hindu and Buddhist people group have confronted religious viciousness from Islamic gatherings, quite the Jamaat-e-Islami and its understudy wing Shibir. The most elevated vote share accomplished by Islamic far right hopefuls amid Bangladeshi decisions was 12% in 2001; the least was 4% in 2008.[205]

As per Transparency International, Bangladesh positioned fourteenth in the rundown of nations with the most saw defilement in 2014.[206] The nation's Anti Corruption Commission was profoundly dynamic under a highly sensitive situation in 2007 and 2008, when it prosecuted many driving legislators, civil servants and specialists for unite. In the wake of accepting force in 2009, the Awami League government incredibly lessened the commission's free powers for examination and indictment.

Bangladesh Museums and libraries

The Varendra Research Museum is the most seasoned exhibition hall in Bangladesh. It houses vital accumulations from both the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods, including the models of the Pala-Sena School of Art and the Indus Valley Civilization; and also Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian compositions and engravings. The Ahsan Manzil, the previous home of the Nawab of Dhaka, is a national historical center lodging accumulations from the British Raj. It was the site of the establishing gathering of the All India Muslim League and facilitated numerous British Viceroys in Dhaka.

The Tajhat Palace Museum jelly ancient rarities of the rich social legacy of North Bengal, including Hindu-Buddhist models and Islamic compositions. The Mymensingh Museum houses the individual antique accumulations of Bengali privileged people in focal Bengal. The Ethnological Museum of Chittagong showcases the way of life of different tribes in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh National Museum is situated in Ramna, Dhaka and has a rich accumulation of artifacts. The Liberation War Museum archives the Bangladeshi battle for freedom and the 1971 genocide.

In old circumstances, compositions were composed on palm leaves, tree coverings, material vellum and earthenware plates and protected at religious communities known as viharas. The Hussain Shahi tradition set up illustrious libraries amid the Bengal Sultanate. Libraries were set up in every region of Bengal by the zamindar upper class amid the Bengal Renaissance in the nineteenth century. The pattern of building up libraries proceeded until the start of World War II. In 1854, four noteworthy open libraries were opened, including the Bogra Woodburn Library, the Rangpur Public Library, the Jessore Institute Public Library and the Barisal Public Library.

The Northbrook Hall Public Library was set up in Dacca in 1882 out of appreciation for Lord Northbrook, the Governor General. Different libraries set up in the British time frame incorporated the Victoria Public Library, Natore (1901), the Sirajganj Public Library (1882), the Rajshahi Public Library (1884), the Comilla Birchandra Library (1885), the Shah Makhdum Institute Public Library, Rajshahi (1891), the Noakhali Town Hall Public Library (1896), the Prize Memorial Library, Sylhet (1897), the Chittagong Municipality Public Library (1904) and the Varendra Research Library (1910). The Great Bengal Library Association was shaped in 1925.[311] The Central Public Library of Dhaka was set up in 1959. The National Library of Bangladesh was built up in 1972. The World Literature Center, established by Ramon Magsaysay Award victor Abdullah Abu Sayeed, is noted for working various portable libraries crosswise over Bangladesh and was granted the UNESCO Jon Amos Comenius Medal.

United States

The United States of America (USA), normally alluded to as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a government republic made out of 50 expresses, an elected region, five noteworthy self-overseeing domains, and different possessions.[fn 1] Forty-eight of the fifty states and the elected region are coterminous and situated in North America amongst Canada and Mexico. The condition of Alaska is in the far northwestern corner of North America, with a land fringe toward the east with Canada and isolated by the Bering Strait from Russia. The condition of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The domains are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Nine time zones are secured. The topography, atmosphere and natural life of the nation are to a great degree diverse.[21]

At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km2)[19] and with more than 324 million individuals, the United States is the world's fourth-biggest nation by aggregate region (and fourth-biggest via arrive area)[fn 2] and the third-generally crowded. It is one of the world's most ethnically assorted and multicultural countries, and is home to the world's biggest foreigner population.[26] Urbanization moved to more than 80% in 2010 and prompts to developing megaregions. The nation's capital is Washington, D.C. what's more, its biggest city is New York City; the other real metropolitan ranges, all with around five million or more occupants, are Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Boston, Dallas, Philadelphia, Houston, Miami, and Atlanta.

Paleo-Indians moved from Asia toward the North American territory no less than 15,000 years ago.[27] European colonization started in the sixteenth century. The United States rose up out of 13 British settlements along the East Coast. Various question between Great Britain and the states in the result of the Seven Years' War prompted to the American Revolution, which started in 1775. On July 4, 1776, as the states were battling Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, delegates from the 13 settlements consistently embraced the Declaration of Independence. The war finished in 1783 with acknowledgment of the freedom of the United States by Great Britain, and was the primary fruitful war of autonomy against an European frontier empire.[28] The present constitution was embraced in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, received in 1781, were felt to have given insufficient government powers. The initial ten changes, all things considered named the Bill of Rights, were approved in 1791 and intended to ensure numerous basic common freedoms.

The United States set out on a lively extension crosswise over North America all through the nineteenth century,[29] uprooting American Indian tribes, obtaining new domains, and step by step conceding new states until it spread over the landmass by 1848.[29] During the second 50% of the nineteenth century, the American Civil War prompted to the end of legitimate servitude in the country.[30][31] By the end of that century, the United States reached out into the Pacific Ocean,[32] and its economy, driven in huge part by the Industrial Revolution, started to soar.[33] The Spanish–American War and World War I affirmed the nation's status as a worldwide military power. The United States rose up out of World War II as a worldwide superpower, the primary nation to create atomic weapons, the main nation to utilize them in fighting, and a lasting individual from the United Nations Security Council. It is an establishing individual from the Organization of American States (UAS) and different other Pan-American and universal associations. The end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 remaining the United States as the world's sole superpower.[34]

The United States is a very created nation, with the world's biggest economy by ostensible GDP. It positions exceptionally in a few measures of financial execution, including normal wage,[35] human improvement, per capita GDP, and profitability per person.[36] While the U.S. economy is considered post-modern, portrayed by the predominance of administrations and learning economy, the assembling part remains the second-biggest in the world.[37] Though its populace is just 4.4% of the world total,[38] the United States represents about a fourth of world GDP[39] and right around 33% of worldwide military spending,[40] making it the world's first military and monetary power. The United States is a noticeable political and social constrain globally, and a pioneer in logical research and mechanical developments. more https://www.cpagrip.com/show.php?l=0&u=96734&id=7690&tracking_id=

Bangladesh national cricket team

The Bangladesh national cricket group (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় ক্রিকেট দল), otherwise called The Tigers, speaks to Bangladesh in universal cricket. It is managed by the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB). Bangladesh is a full individual from the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. It played its first Test coordinate in November 2000 against India in Dhaka, turning into the tenth Test-playing country.

Bangladesh's first official raid into global cricket came in the 1979 ICC Trophy in England. On 31 March 1986, Bangladesh played its first ODI coordinate, against Pakistan in the Asia Cup. For quite a while, football was the most prominent game in Bangladesh, however cricket progressively turned out to be exceptionally mainstream – especially in urban zones – and by the late 1990s had outperformed football.

Bangladesh made its full presentation in global cricket in the 1986 Asia Cup.

In 1997, Bangladesh won the ICC Trophy in Malaysia and subsequently fit the bill for its first Cricket World Cup to take part in England in 1999. There, it vanquished Pakistan – bringing on much irritated – furthermore Scotland. On 26 June 2000, Bangladesh was conceded full ICC participation.

Bangladesh holds the record for most back to back misfortunes in Tests (21, somewhere around 2000 and 2002) and ODIs (23, somewhere around 2001 and 2004). In the wake of increasing full part status with the ICC, Bangladesh needed to sit tight until 2004 for its first ODI win since the 1999 World Cup. The group on the losing side on that event was Zimbabwe, who likewise took an interest in Bangladesh's lady Test triumph in 2005; by securing an attract the second match, Bangladesh won their first Test arrangement. In 2009 Bangladesh visited the West Indies for two Tests and by winning both secured their first abroad arrangement triumph.

Starting 30 October 2016, Bangladesh has played 95 Tests, winning just eight. Its first triumph was against group Zimbabwe, and the following two came against the West Indian group. Comes about have enhanced as of late with draws earned against full quality Sri Lankan and New Zealand sides and a win against Zimbabwe and most as of late against England.[8]

The group has been more fruitful in ODIs, having won 101 of its 318 matches.[9] It has additionally played 62 Twenty20 Internationals, winning 20.[10]

Bangladesh is at present positioned ninth in Tests, seventh in ODIs and tenth in T20Is by the ICC.[11]

20th century

A few East Pakistan-based sides played in Pakistani local cricket preceding Bangladesh's affirmation of freedom of 1971—the East Pakistan cricket group handled three players who later played ICC Trophy matches. In 1977, Bangladesh turned into an Associate individual from the International Cricket Council (ICC).[12] Bangladesh was one of fifteen groups to partake in the inaugural ICC Trophy. Held in 1979, it gave non-Test playing nations the chance to fit the bill for that year's World Cup. Bangladesh, under the captaincy of Raqibul Hasan, won two matches and lost two, yet neglected to advance past the principal round.[13][14] Victory in the South-East Asian Cricket Conference Tournament in February 1984 guaranteed Bangladesh fit the bill for the 1986 Asia Cup.[15] On 31 March 1986, Bangladesh played their initial One Day International against a full individual from the ICC;[16] Captained by Gazi Ashraf, Bangladesh were expelled for 94 and Pakistan achieved their objective for triumph with seven wickets in hand.[17] They lost their second ODI which was against Sri Lanka, completing toward the end in the three-group tournament.[18] Bangladesh met all requirements for the 1988 Asia Cup, this time facilitating the competition; it was the first run through ODIs had been organized in the nation. In spite of the fact that they lost all their matches, Bangladesh's apparatuses were reflectively granted ODI. Surges in the former months implied the competition was in uncertainty, however it proceeded as arranged. A philanthropy coordinate raised $70,000 for the surge victims.[19] 

Bangladesh partook in the 1990 Austral-Asia Cup,[20] the Asia Cup in 1990–91, 1995,[21] and 1997,[22] yet it was not until 1998 that they won their first ODI. Their 22-coordinate losing streak since their first ODI was at the time a record.[23] Bangladesh posted its first ODI win against Kenya, in India on account of Mohammad Rafique, who contributed a red hot 77 runs and took 3 wickets. Put on 137 for the main wicket with Athar Ali Khan. Athar's own commitment was 47.[24] In October 1998, Bangladesh facilitated (however did not take an interest in) the main ever ICC KnockOut Trophy (which later turned into the ICC Champions Trophy), a thump out ODI competition including all the Test playing countries. 

Bangladesh participated in each of the 1979, 1982, 1986, 1990, and 1994 releases of the ICC Trophy, and won the trophy in 1997, in the process met all requirements for the 1999 World Cup. The then General Secretary of Bangladesh Cricket Board, Aminul Huq Moni stepped up with regards to introduce Astro Turf in Abahani Cricket Ground and Bangabandhu National Stadium, so that the neighborhood players had two full seasons to get ready on the kind of contribute they would playing ICC Trophy in 1997.[25] Bangladesh likewise turned into a consistent ICC part with the privilege to play ODIs. Prior, in February Dhaka facilitated the third and last SAARC cricket competition. Bangladesh played in its first World Cup in England in 1999. Bangladesh made a gigantic steamed at beating Pakistan by 62 keeps running in the gathering match at Northampton. Bangladesh made 9/223 from its full 50 overs, and in answer, Pakistan could just oversee 161 because of convenient run-outs by wicket-guardian Khaled Mashud and some tight knocking down some pins by Khaled Mahmud, who took 3/31 from 10 overs. Mahmud was judged the man of the match. Bangladesh did not meet all requirements for the Super Six round because of annihilations in three of its five matches. In any case, the win over Pakistan, who completed runners-up to Australia, helped Bangladesh to pick up Test playing status the next year. Bangladesh had sacked mentor Gordon Greenidge on the morning of the match.[23] 

Previous South Africa Test cricketer Eddie Barlow turned into Bangladesh's mentor in 1999.[26] In readiness for turning into a Test playing nation, Bangladesh built up its own particular top notch rivalry in 1999—2000, in spite of the fact that the matches were not given top of the line status until the 2000—2001 season.[27] The absence of a set up top of the line structure in the nation until in a matter of seconds before Bangladesh played its introduction Test has been refered to as one reason the side attempted to adjust to the more drawn out configuration of the game.[28] The West Indies visited Bangladesh in October, winning both matches in the ODI series.[29] After torment a stroke in April 2000, Barlow abandoned the position of coach.[30] In May and June 2000, Bangladesh facilitated the Asia Cup; Bangladesh lost every one of the three of their matches and when playing Pakistan surrendered to what at the time was the heaviest thrashing in ODIs, an edge of 233 runs.[31] Bangladesh partook in the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy in October; their exclusive match finished in annihilation by England.[30]

Under Chandika Hathurusingha 2014

The BCB selected Chandika Hathurusingha, a previous Sri Lanka batsman, as Bangladesh's set out mentor toward a two-year period.[117] The main arrangement under the new mentor was against India at home. Bangladesh lost the primary and second ODI completely and the third was washed out and lost the arrangement 2–0. 

Bangladesh visited West Indies for a full arrangement in August. West Indies beat Bangladesh 3–0 in the ODI arrangement expanding Bangladesh's win-less ODI keep running for 13 matches. In the second ODI Bangladesh was packaged out for 70 which is the third most minimal aggregate for Bangladesh. Bangladesh lost the match by 177 Runs. Just the T20 match was relinquished. Further, West Indies white-washed Bangladesh in the Test arrangement 2–0, overcoming Bangladesh by 10 wickets in the first Test and by 296 keeps running in the second Test individually. Bangladesh at long last developed triumphant amid the Zimbabwe visit in Bangladesh whitewashing the guests 3-0 amid the Test arrangement. Bangladesh asserted #9 positioning with the arrangement triumph pushing Zimbabwe to #10. In the ODI arrangement Bangladesh whitewashed Zimbabwe 5-0. 

At the turn of the new year, Bangladeshi all-rounder Shakib Al Hasan[118] developed as the main all-rounder in all arrangements of the diversion. This was the first run through ever that any player accomplished such a deed, after the ICC presented positioning system.[119] 

Amid the gathering phase of the 2015 Cricket World Cup, Bangladesh crushed Afghanistan in their first amusement, however their next match against Australia was Washed Out.[120] They lost their next diversion to Sri Lanka by 92 runs.[120] Following that, they accomplished their most noteworthy effective run-pursue in an ODI, when they pursued down Scotland's 318, and later met all requirements for the second quarterfinal in the 2015 world glass, by vanquishing England.[120] At the second quarter-last, India vanquished Bangladesh by 109 runs.[120] Bangladesh was at last thumped out of the 2015 World Cup, in the wake of achieving the quarter-finals for the principal time.[120] 

On touching base back in Bangladesh on 22 March after an effective World Cup crusade, the entire group was given an amazing gathering at the Airport. In the wake of landing back, Bangladesh played an ODI arrangement where they won 3-0 against Pakistan. The ODI arrangement win gave Bangladeshi their first arrangement triumph over Pakistanis. 

A full quality Indian group landed in Bangladesh on June after the arrangement "Banglawash" against Pakistan. The Indians were relied upon to win serenely. In any case, fantastic exhibitions by the batsmen and ODI debutant bowler Mustafizur Rahman had the tables turned over as Bangladesh convincingly won the initial two ODIs and surprisingly, won a two-sided arrangement against India by an edge of 2-1. 

With the triumph, without precedent for Bangladesh cricket history, they could win three back to back two-sided arrangement until 15 July 2015, when Bangladesh affirm another ODI arrangement win by an edge of 2-1, the main ever arrangement win against South Africa, and fourth continuous ODI arrangement win on their home soil. 

Albeit South Africa led the pack in the primary ODI coordinate, Bangladesh returned firmly and totally ruled South Africa in the accompanying two matches, to win the arrangement by an edge of 2-1, demonstrating superb execution in each of the three offices where none of the group in any match could achieve 200 keeps running in an innings in the entire ODI series.[121] 

In November 2015, The Zimbabwean cricket group visited in Bangladesh. The visit comprised of three One Day Internationals (ODIs), two Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is). Bangladesh won the ODI arrangement 3–0 and the T20I arrangement was drawn 1–1. 

The brilliant memory proceeded to Bangladesh when they got to be runner up of 2016 Asia Cup, played on home soil. They vanquished powerful T20I champions Sri Lanka and Pakistan in the gathering stage furthermore beat UAE, fit the bill to the Asia Cup last for the second time. They lost just to India in a gathering match and in the final.[122] 

Bangladesh has a noteworthy rundown of victories to their name inside the last couple of years, yet they have still not beaten England in a two-sided arrangement, losing the ODI arrangement by 2-1 as they went down in Chittagong in the last match. Be that as it may, they secured a memorable Test 108-run win against England, their first win in 10 endeavors, to end the two-coordinate test arrangement 1-1, subsequent to losing the main test barely by just 22-run.[123]

National Library of Bangladesh

The National Library of Bangladesh (NLB) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় গ্রন্থাগার) is the lawful vault of every new book and other printed materials distributed in Bangladesh under the copyright law of Bangladesh. It was established in 1972, however it follows its roots back to 1891, preceding the Bangladesh Liberation War and its freedom.

History

After the segment of the subcontinent in 1947, the administration of Pakistan set up the National Library of Pakistan in Karachi in 1962 and a common book store branch of the Pakistan National Library in Dhaka in 1967. Truth be told, that book store branch was the incipient organism of the National Library of Bangladesh which appeared after the freedom of the nation in 1971. 

After the freedom war of Bangladesh, it was distinctly felt by all quarters that a national library is vital for the infant country. Considering the need and significance, the administration made plans to set up the National Library of Bangladesh in Dhaka. The Library initially began working with the labor, assets and materials acquired from the Provincial Book Deposit Branch. Later on, in 1973, the two national associations "The National Archives of Bangladesh" and "The National Library of Bangladesh" were converged with the name "Directorate of Archives and Libraries" under the Sports and Culture Division, Ministry of Education. Another working for the National Library of Bangladesh was implicit 1985 and the library was moved to its present place, called the Jatiya Granthagar Bhavan. (truly: National Library Building) at Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka. The National Library of Bangladesh is as of now keep running by the Directorate of Archives and Libraries under the Ministry of Cultural Affairs.